Educational Institution

Educational Institution

Education as an Institution:

Education is the means of operating educational activities, where academic phenomena happen. Various educational activities are launched as per the demand of the society. As people of diverse strata involve in the process considering the given rules, processes, objectives, assumptions, expectations, this can be regarded as a social institution. John J Macionis has defined education as an institution in this way: Education is the social institution guiding a society’s transformation of knowledge including basic facts, job skill and cultural norms and values to its members.

Education was informal in pre-industrial societies. Education was provided through churches, temples, musjids, gumbas, etc. And that education was more associated  with religion. But, together with modernization, changes have been occurred in the exchange , objectivities,  and nature of participation  in education. There fore scientific and practical educatiob has ben developed.

Education is the major tool of socialization process. Knowledge, culture, values, beliefs, langagues, arts, literature, technologies, that are developed in one society is transferred to other societies through education. These entities are transferred from one individual to other and one generation to other generation. This process is gradual and universal. Thus, education can be taken as an important social institution. Likewise, education is also means od social awareness, consciousness, and unity. However, the prevailing lack of equal access  to education, impractical education is the burning challenge at the present age.

Education as process of Transformation:

Education is the main base of change, transformation and development of human society. It is through education, biological human transforms into a cultural human. Education makes human culture, civilized and progressive. Thus, education is taken as a vechile of change. The highly develop societies at the present became developed, advanced, autonomous, etc, due to the education. Hence education can be taken without dout a means of development in society.

Education makes individuals aware of own country, society, language culture. New knowledge is gained as it transfers from one generation to other generation through education. Thus, education is taken as a process of social transformation, which can be justified with the help of evidence bellow:

1. Education is the major base of gaining knowledge. Transformation of society is possible through the transfer of knowledge.
2. Education can be taken as a major unit or agent of transfer of culture, a continuous process in society.
3. Education eases socialization process and helps to transfer science, knowledge, and art, literature, from a person to other and one generation to other generation.
4. Education plays the major role in rectifying the misconceptions of society like, superstitions, misdeeds, and misunderstanding.
5. Education develops human values, constructs consciousness and seeks autonomy through which transformation of society is possible.
6. Education is the means of empowerment, through which change in society is possible. 

Social signification of education:

Education has a paramount significance in society. The development programs, autonomy, independency of each society can be expected or possible only through education. Relying on these arguments social significance of education can be mentioned bellow as follows:

1. Education plays an important role in systematizing, operating and controlling the social system if needed.
2. Through education a person learns about social values, beliefs, assumptions, cultures, responsibilities, rights, etc, by which the society becomes civilized.
3. Caste-based, religion, linguistic, gender disparities can be understood through education. Factors of disparities can be sought, which above all, helps in the systematizing the society.
4. Education provides knowledge to people about their rights and responsibilities.
5. Education is the base of social unity.
6. Social evils like superstitions, decimation oppressions, can be eradicated rom society with the help of education.
7. New invention and discoveries are possible through education. Technology, art, literature, philosophy, can be enhanced through education.
8. Education can play a positive role in economic, political, culture movements for a social change.
9. Education is the primary means of socialization.
10. Education brings freedom of man, democratization, inclusion and self-respect.

Until and unless education cannot be made accessible to all, social disparities discriminations prevail widely in all societies
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Socialization
Introduction:
Socialization is a term used by sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists, political scientists and educationalists to refer to the lifelong process of inheriting and disseminating norms, customs and ideologies, providing an individual with the skills and habits necessary for participating within his or her own society. Socialization is thus ‘the means by which social and cultural continuity are attained’. The process of developing and the patterns of behavior and characteristics of a culture that a child goes through while being raised in that culture, including acquiring shared values and learning how to interact with others without breaking the culture's taboos is called socialization.
Socialization describes a process which may lead to desirable, or 'moral', outcomes. Individual views on certain issues, such as race or economics, may be socialized (and to that extent normalized) within a society. Many socio-political theories postulate that socialization provides only a partial explanation for human beliefs and behaviors, maintaining that agents are not 'blank slates' predetermined by their environment. Scientific research provides some evidence that people might be shaped by both social influences and genes. Genetic studies have shown that a person's environment interacts with his or her genotype to influence behavioral outcomes.

Definitions of Socialization

Socialization has been defined by various socialists as under;
Macionis said, “The life long process by which as individual becomes the proper member of society and develops human characteristics.”
According to Horton and Hunt "Socialization is a learning process in which groups interact and learn social norms also develop his/her self.”
According to Ogburn: "Socialization is the process of learning the norms of the group and society”

Socialization is a continuous and life long process till to the end of life. An individual learns language, culture, values, norms, attitudes and behaviors which molds his/her personality and becomes a social being. This is the only process of socialization due to which a person develops his/her personality and self when an individual interacts with other members of his/her family and community or groups. He/she learns more about culture and they transmit these norms to the next generation.

Education for creation, maintenance and transformation of culture and knowledge in society:

Education is the main base of gaining knowledge. New knowledge in society and culture can be achieved through education. Newer discoveries and researches enhance new experiences, practices, methods, traditions and cultures about the society and culture. Thus, education is regarded in a major base for creation of knowledge and culture. Education has contributed significantly in transferring the hunting-gathering, animal husbandry, peasant and industrial society into a modern society. New theories, methods, are developed in the present world. Creation of all these subjects is education.

Education not only creates knowledge and culture but also emphasized on its easy and effective management. Education can be both means and ends in identifying the relevancy of various experiences. If the academic and cultural aspects those created through education can be materialized, the relevancy of education can be enjoyed. The effectiveness of knowledge and culture increases. Thus, education is regarded as the base of management of knowledge and culture.

Role of family for providing education on socialization people in society:

At first, in our society, an individual gets education from its family. Thus, we frequently say that family is the first school of our life. Family provides knowledge informally to its members about language, culture, customs, ideas etc. Education, for socializing a human, is gained from its family.

Family is the first and the most important unit of socialization. Human informally learns about the various values, beliefs, morals, norms, rules, customs, from its birth to death in the family. Love, affection, sympathy, resistance all are learnt from family. Humans also learn about festivals, the role and responsibilities from family. Thus, family is the first, primary and important unit of learning.

Role of community for providing people education in society:   

Each community has its own socio-cultural traditions, beliefs, norms, behaviors and activities. People acquire knowledge through community based socio-cultural practices. Each community has its own way, tradition and assumption of educating its people. Community level education means the informal education which is gained through the religious teachers and through community managed institution. Community level activities were performed through community education.

Role of state for providing education to the people in society:

Providing education to its people is the responsibility of the state. State has its education policy and program, where administrative mechanisms are also built to implements those programs and policies. State has an important role in the development of education. As education is the most important factor for transforming a whole society, each people must have access to it. Thus, the state needs to focus on the accessibility of education for all while drafting the education related policies and implementing these policies.

NGOs and Private sectors in Education:

Role of private sector in present context cannot be denied. Increasing role of private sectors in education is due to the limited budget of government, increasing scope of education day by day, specialization in education, etc. Scientific, practical, and quality education have become the need at present. The role of private sectors, hence, cannot be denied. Various non-governmental organizations and INGOs have been imparting women literacy, women education campaigns, adult education campaigns to educate people. They have also imparted lower caste people in education programs.